Covid-19: Introduction, Symptoms and Prevention

Coronavirus, aka Covid-19, is on the list of infectious diseases. However, it is a new form of the virus and has only recently been discovered. Most of the people receiving this virus suffer from mild or moderate to severe symptoms. The good thing is that most patients recover from the disease without any treatment. In this article, we are going to talk about the symptoms and preventive measures that can help you stay safe.

According to research studies conducted so far, older individuals and those who already have underlying medical conditions, such as cancer, chronic respiratory disease and diabetes, are more likely to suffer from severe symptoms of the disease.

As far as prevention is concerned, the best approach is to be informed, which means that you need to take proper precautions to avoid catching the virus. For this, you need to understand what causes diseases and how it spreads from one person to another.

The first and foremost preventive measure is to wash your hands often using a sanitizer, such as alcohol and avoid touching your nose, hair, lips, or other parts of your face.

Now, the million dollar question is, how does this virus spread? According to the most recent research studies, coronovirus spreads when an infected person sneezes or coughs. Small drops of discharge from the person's mouse or nose enter another person's body through their noise or mouth. Therefore, it is important to follow proper respiratory etiquette.

Currently, we do not have any treatments or vaccines for coronaviruses. But clinical trials are still ongoing to evaluate potential therapies and their efficacy. You can get updated information from the WHO website.

Prevention

Fortunately, there are some proven ways to prevent infection and slow down the speed at which it spreads. Below are some tips that can help protect you from infection and slow down the spread.

Make a habit of washing your hands with soapy water. It is better to wash your hands for at least 20 seconds because it takes as much time as soapy water to kill the virus.

If someone is sneezing or coughing, make sure you stand at least one meter away from them.

As much as possible, try to stop touching your face

If you have a sneeze or a cough, cover your nose and mouth to keep the drops in front of others or from infecting things.

If you think you are infected with the virus, do not get out and stay inside your room.

Do not smoke or participate in activities that can weaken your lungs.

Practice social distance and do not travel until you really have to.

Symptoms

First, it is important to note that coronovirus does not affect everyone in the same way. Since covid-19 spreads respiratory diseases, most people suffer from mild to moderate symptoms. This means that most victims can recover from the disease without any special treatment. They just need to keep themselves away from everyone and practice the suggestions above.

However, people with underlying conditions are at greater risk of suffering from severe symptoms. Some of them may also die from the virus. Similarly, people over 60 years of age are also at greater risk of severe symptoms. Therefore, these people should be more careful than others.

Common symptoms:

Given below are some common symptoms of the virus. They are mild symptoms and can go away between 7 and 14 days.

Dry cough

Fatigue

fever

Other symptoms:

Sore throat

aches and pain

Difficulty breathing

Some people may suffer from runny nose and diarrhea

If you have mild symptoms or are seeing self-isolation, you can contact your health care provider for advice on how you can test for the virus. This is important if you want to protect yourself and your family from infection. Your life and the life of your family are in your hands.

If you have a cough, fever or have difficulty breathing, you want to contact your nearest doctor immediately without wasting time.

So, it was basic information about Covid-19 and steps to be taken to protect oneself from infection.

Risk factors for covid-19 infection

Covid-19 is an abbreviated form of coronovirus disease 2019. Coronavirus is a large family of viruses that are common worldwide. They can cause respiratory disease in people and animals. It was specifically originated in the city of Wuhan in China in late 2019. Over the past two decades, outbreaks of coronovirus have caused global concern, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003 and most recently in 2012, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS).

Covid-19 is a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 that can trigger what doctors call respiratory tract infections. It can affect the upper respiratory tract, ie. Sinus, nose and throat or lower respiratory tract, ie. Windpipe, and lungs. Severe respiratory disease can occur in severe cases, and may even cause pneumonia.

On January 30, 2020, WHO declared Covid-19 a global health emergency. On March 11, 2020, the WHO declared it a global epidemic.

Risk

The following are the risk factors that make people more likely to have Covid-19 infection -

Age 65 and above -

People 65 and older are at greater risk of Covid-19 infection due to their decreased immunity. They are prone to some associated co-morbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In addition, the course of the disease becomes more severe in them resulting in higher mortality. However, its transmission among the elderly population can be reduced by taking appropriate preventive measures.

Chronic lung disease and asthma -

People with asthma are more likely to catch Covid-19. Hospital data suggests that respiratory patients are more likely to experience serious complications. As there is still no cure for it, the best action that can be taken is to protect people from infection. The same is true of other chronic lung diseases.

Severe heart condition -

Covid-19 directly damages the lungs and triggers an inflammatory response, which puts stress on the cardiovascular system in two ways, ie. Infecting the lungs, the oxygen level in the blood falls and the inflammatory effect of the virus also reduces blood pressure. In such cases, the heart must be beaten fast and hard to supply oxygen to large organs.

According to the European Society of Cardiology, patients with heart failure, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, advanced forms of arrhythmic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and congenital cyanotic heart disease have the highest risk.

Severe obesity

There are increasing numbers of reports that have linked obesity to more severe Kovid-19 infections and deaths. Obesity impairs protective cardio-respiratory stores and weakens immune regulation that appears to help progress the critical phase of the disease.

 

Researchers found that in New York City, people with Kovid-19 under the age of 60, whose BMI is greater than 30–34 kg / m2 and more than 35 kg / m2, are 1.8 times and 3.6 times their number. More likely to be treated if severe. Care is respectively less than 30 kg / m2 compared to individuals with a BMI.

 

A new study published in diabetes care in 2020 found that patients with Kovid-19 are two and a half times more likely to have severe pneumonia if they are not. Obesity brings with it a chronic inflammatory condition. Whether obesity is an independent risk factor for susceptibility to infection requires more research.

 

diabetes

 

Diabetes is a risk factor for hospitalization and mortality of Kovid-19 infection. In diabetic patients the immune response is impaired for cytokine profile-related infections and changes in immune-responses, including T-cell and macrophage activation. Poor glycemic control also disrupts many aspects of the immune response to viral infections and potential bacterial secondary infections in the lungs. Poor glycemic control is a risk factor for Kovid-19 infection and its adverse consequences. Therefore the importance of tight glycemic control in diabetic patients cannot be ignored.

 

chronic kidney disease -

 

People with chronic kidney disease are at increased risk of infection. People on dialysis may have a weakened immune system, making it difficult to fight infection. However, kidney patients need to continue their regularly prescribed dialysis treatment and take the necessary precautions recommended by their healthcare provider.

 

People with kidney transplants need to take anti-rejection medications, also known as immunosuppressive drugs, that keep the immune system less active.

Liver disease -

 

All patients with liver disease are at risk of adverse consequences from the virus. In addition, people with certain liver conditions are extremely vulnerable. They include people with immune-suppression for liver transplantation or for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), and people with liver cancer who are undergoing active chemotherapy.

 

Immune-compromised people -

 

A person of any age group can be immune-compromised. Conditions that can cause a person to become immune-compromised include cancer treatment, smoking, bone marrow or organ transplantation, immune deficiencies, poorly controlled AIDS and prolonged use of corticosteroids and other immune weakening medications.

 

There are reports that, in some Kovid-19 patients, death is likely caused by a cytokine storm when the immune system goes into overdrive, causing healthy tissue to be damaged as well, causing multiple organ failure, sepsis, and even That death can also happen.

 

Conclusion -

 

Some people are at high risk for a serious infection if they catch Kovid-19. Everyone needs to take steps to protect themselves and others from catching or spreading it. But people in the high-risk category must take all necessary precautions to protect themselves.

 

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